Building Queries in Grafana
Creating Queries in Grafana UI
In the Grafana UI, queries are built using the query editor, which supports various data sources like Prometheus, MySQL, PostgreSQL, and others. You can select a data source and then use the editor to write and customize your queries.
# Example: Building a query in the Grafana UI
SELECT * FROM metrics WHERE time > now() - 1h;
Query Editor
The query editor allows users to select data sources, define the time range, and apply filters to queries. You can also combine different query types in the same panel to display data from multiple sources.
# Example: Using the query editor in Grafana
SELECT cpu_usage, memory_usage FROM system_metrics WHERE host = 'server01';
PromQL Queries
PromQL Syntax
PromQL (Prometheus Query Language) is used for querying time series data in Prometheus. Basic syntax includes functions like `rate()`, `avg()`, `sum()`, and others to calculate time series data over a given period.
# Example: PromQL query for rate
rate(http_requests_total[5m]);
Advanced PromQL Functions
PromQL offers advanced functions for aggregating, joining, and manipulating time series data. Functions like `avg_over_time()`, `topk()`, and `rate()` are commonly used for complex queries.
# Example: Advanced PromQL query
avg_over_time(http_requests_total[5m]) by (job);
Using Variables in Queries
Defining Variables in Grafana
Variables in Grafana allow you to create dynamic queries that adapt to different data. You can define variables in the dashboard settings, and then use them in your queries.
# Example: Using a variable in a query
SELECT * FROM metrics WHERE host = $server;
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